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Tower houses in Britain and Ireland
The tower house ((アイルランド語:caisleán)) appeared in Britain and Ireland starting from the High Middle Ages.
Such buildings were constructed in the wilder parts of Britain and Ireland, particularly in Scotland, and throughout Ireland, until at least up to the 17th century. The remains of such structures are dotted around the Irish and Scottish countryside, with a particular concentration in the Scottish Borders where they include peel towers and bastle houses. Some are still intact and even inhabited today, while others stand as ruined shells.
==Scottish Tower Houses==
Tower houses are often called castles, and despite their characteristic compact footprint size, they are formidable habitations and there is no clear distinction between a castle and a tower house. In Scotland a classification system has been widely accepted based on ground plan, such as the L Plan Castle style, one example being the original layout (prior to enlargement) of Muchalls Castle in Scotland.〔MacIntosh, J. Gordon, ''Country Life Magazine'', Dec. 18, 1937, pp 630-634〕〔(C.Michael Hogan, Sigvard Richardson and Peter Graves, ''History of Muchalls Castle, Kincardineshire, Scotland'', Lumina Press, Aberdeen (2004) )〕
The few surviving round Scottish Iron Age towers known as brochs are often compared to tower houses, having mural passages and a basebatter, (a thickening of the wall that slopes obliquely, intended to prevent the use of a battering ram) although the entrances to Brochs are far less ostentatious.
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